{"id":18305,"date":"2026-10-20T17:27:25","date_gmt":"2026-10-20T06:27:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chuatan.com.au\/trustees-crypto-digital-assets-australia\/"},"modified":"2026-10-20T18:09:57","modified_gmt":"2026-10-20T07:09:57","slug":"trustees-crypto-digital-assets-australia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chuatan.com.au\/en\/trustees-crypto-digital-assets-australia\/","title":{"rendered":"Trustees and Digital Assets: Cryptocurrency, Investment Mandates and Controls"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ct-article\" data-no-translation>\n<p>Trust companies across Asia now hold cryptocurrency for families, and digital assets increasingly appear in Australian trusts and deceased estates. The central questions are how to protect those assets, how to account to beneficiaries and how to manage the risks involved.<\/p>\n<h2>The trustee&#8217;s core duties still apply<\/h2>\n<p>A trustee who holds cryptocurrency has the same fundamental duties as for any other asset: to secure it, to invest prudently within the terms of the trust, to keep proper records and to account to beneficiaries. What differs is how those duties are carried out. A private key that is lost cannot be recovered, and a transfer made in error usually cannot be reversed.<\/p>\n<h2>Practical issues for trustees<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Custody and access.<\/strong> Who holds the keys, how they are stored, and what happens if that person dies or leaves. Institutional custody and multi-signature arrangements are increasingly common.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Authorisation controls.<\/strong> It is essential to define who may give instructions, who must approve them, and at what thresholds, so that no single person has full control over the accounts. This protects both the beneficiaries and the trustee. See <a href=\"\/en\/family-office-governance-maker-checker\/\">maker-checker controls in family offices<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Supervision to prevent fraud.<\/strong> Trust structures should include oversight of the trustee itself, for example through a protector, co-trustee or regular independent review.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Retaining or converting.<\/strong> Whether to hold digital assets or convert them to cash is an investment decision with tax consequences. Some trustees convert on receipt and hold the proceeds in trust accounts; others retain them where the deed and the beneficiaries support it.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Investment mandates.<\/strong> Investment powers are generally best drafted in general terms, so that a new asset class does not require the deed to be amended, while setting out the risk parameters the trustee must observe.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Disputes.<\/strong> Where trust disputes become prolonged, trustees and beneficiaries sometimes agree on a winding-down plan, including how digital assets will be dealt with, to protect all parties.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Deceased estates<\/h2>\n<p>Executors in Australia increasingly find that a deceased person held cryptocurrency, sometimes without telling anyone how to access it. A well-prepared estate plan records what digital assets exist, where they are held and how authorised people may access them, without putting keys in the will itself, which becomes a public document once probate is granted.<\/p>\n<h2>Beneficial ownership and regulation<\/h2>\n<p>Regulators globally are focused on preventing trusts, companies and partnerships from being used to conceal ownership. In Australia, anti-money laundering obligations have extended to lawyers, accountants and trust and company service providers for certain services from 1 July 2026. Trustees and their advisers should expect closer scrutiny of the source of digital assets and who ultimately benefits from them.<\/p>\n<h2>How we assist<\/h2>\n<p>We advise trustees, executors and families on holding and administering digital assets, draft investment and control provisions in trust deeds and wills, and act as executor or trustee where an independent party is needed. Tax and technical custody advice should be obtained from appropriately qualified advisers. Justin Chua is a Nationally Accredited Mediator and an Affiliate member of STEP.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ct-faq\">\n<h2>Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<h3>Can an Australian trust hold cryptocurrency?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes, if the trust deed&#8217;s investment powers allow it and the trustee acts prudently. Trustees should review the deed and document their reasons for holding digital assets.<\/p>\n<h3>How should cryptocurrency be dealt with in a will?<\/h3>\n<p>The will can deal with digital assets as part of the estate, but private keys and passwords should not be written in the will, because it may become public. Access information should be recorded securely and separately, with clear instructions for the executor.<\/p>\n<h3>Should trust investment powers specifically mention cryptocurrency?<\/h3>\n<p>Many practitioners prefer general investment powers, so the deed does not need amending each time a new asset class emerges, combined with clear risk and approval controls.<\/p>\n<h3>How can a family reduce the risk of a trustee misusing digital assets?<\/h3>\n<p>By separating the authority to initiate and approve transactions, using institutional or multi-signature custody, appointing a protector or co-trustee, and requiring regular reporting to beneficiaries.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Chua Tan Associates advises families, executors, trustees and their professional advisers on estate planning, estate administration and estate disputes, in Australia and across borders. To arrange a confidential consultation, please contact our Melbourne office on +61 3 9602 3988 or submit an <a href=\"#ct-enquiry\">enquiry<\/a>. Advice is available in English, Mandarin and Cantonese.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"ct-byline\"><em><a href=\"\/en\/justin-chua\/\">Justin Chua<\/a> (\u8521\u667a\u52cb), lawyer and mediator, Chua Tan Associates, Melbourne. General information only, not legal or tax advice. Victorian law unless stated otherwise.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"ct-enquiry\" class=\"ct-eq\" data-no-translation>\r\n<style>.ct-eq{background:#f4f1ea;border:1px solid #e3ddd0;border-radius:10px;padding:22px 24px;margin:32px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.6}.ct-eq h2,.ct-eq h3{margin:0 0 6px}.ct-eq p{margin:0 0 12px}.ct-eq form{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:12px}.ct-eq label{display:block;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:4px}.ct-eq input,.ct-eq select,.ct-eq textarea{width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #cfc6b4;border-radius:6px;font-size:16px;background:#fff}.ct-eq .full{grid-column:1\/-1}.ct-eq button{background:#8a6a3b;color:#fff;border:0;border-radius:6px;padding:12px 22px;font-size:16px;cursor:pointer}.ct-eq .hp{position:absolute;left:-9999px}.ct-eq small{color:#5f5a50}.ct-eq .ok{background:#e7f3e8;border-left:4px solid #3c8d40;padding:12px 16px}.ct-eq .bad{background:#fbeaea;border-left:4px solid #b03a2e;padding:12px 16px}.ct-eq .ct-direct{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;margin-top:14px}.ct-eq .ct-direct a,.ct-eq .ct-direct button{background:#fff;color:#2b2b2b;border:1px solid #cfc6b4;padding:9px 14px;border-radius:6px;text-decoration:none;font-size:15px}@media(max-width:640px){.ct-eq form{grid-template-columns:1fr}}<\/style>\r\n<h3>Tell us about the estate<\/h3>\r\n<p>A short message is enough. We reply in English, Mandarin or Cantonese, and quote fees in writing before any work starts.<\/p>\r\n<form method=\"post\" action=\"https:\/\/chuatan.com.au\/wp-admin\/admin-post.php\">\r\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"action\" value=\"ct_estate_enquiry\">\r\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"ct_ts\" value=\"1792612095\">\r\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"ct_lang\" value=\"en\">\r\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"ct_page\" value=\"https:\/\/chuatan.com.au\/en\/trustees-crypto-digital-assets-australia\/\">\r\n<div class=\"hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label>Website<input type=\"text\" name=\"ct_website\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/label><\/div>\r\n<div><label for=\"ct_name\">Your name *<\/label><input id=\"ct_name\" name=\"ct_name\" required maxlength=\"120\"><\/div>\r\n<div><label for=\"ct_email\">Email<\/label><input id=\"ct_email\" name=\"ct_email\" type=\"email\" maxlength=\"160\"><\/div>\r\n<div><label for=\"ct_phone\">Phone, WeChat or WhatsApp<\/label><input id=\"ct_phone\" name=\"ct_phone\" maxlength=\"80\"><\/div>\r\n<div><label for=\"ct_language\">Preferred language<\/label><select id=\"ct_language\" name=\"ct_language\"><option>English<\/option><option>Mandarin<\/option><option>Cantonese<\/option><\/select><\/div>\r\n<div><label for=\"ct_type\">What do you need help with?<\/label><select id=\"ct_type\" name=\"ct_type\"><option value=\"\">Please choose<\/option><option>Someone has died and there is a Will<\/option><option>Someone has died and there is no Will<\/option><option>Someone has died and I am not sure if there is a Will<\/option><option>Making or updating a Will or estate plan<\/option><option>Executor or trustee question<\/option><option>A dispute about an estate<\/option><option>Other<\/option><\/select><\/div>\r\n<div><label for=\"ct_state\">Where are the assets?<\/label><select id=\"ct_state\" name=\"ct_state\"><option value=\"\">Please choose<\/option><option>Victoria<\/option><option>New South Wales<\/option><option>Queensland<\/option><option>Western Australia<\/option><option>South Australia<\/option><option>Tasmania<\/option><option>ACT<\/option><option>Northern Territory<\/option><option>More than one state<\/option><option>Overseas as well<\/option><option>Not sure<\/option><\/select><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"full\"><label for=\"ct_time\">Best time to contact you (optional)<\/label><input id=\"ct_time\" name=\"ct_time\" maxlength=\"120\"><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"full\"><label for=\"ct_msg\">Brief details (optional)<\/label><textarea id=\"ct_msg\" name=\"ct_msg\" rows=\"4\" maxlength=\"3000\"><\/textarea><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"full\"><button type=\"submit\">Send enquiry<\/button><br><small>We use your details only to respond to your enquiry. Sending this form does not create a lawyer\u2013client relationship. <a href=\"\/privacy-policy\/\">Privacy<\/a><\/small><\/div>\r\n<\/form>\r\n<div class=\"ct-direct\"><strong style=\"width:100%\">Or contact us directly<\/strong>\r\n<a href=\"tel:+61396023988\">Call +61 3 9602 3988<\/a>\r\n<a href=\"mailto:chuatan@tpg.com.au\">chuatan@tpg.com.au<\/a>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/61490369102\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WhatsApp +61 490 369 102<\/a>\r\n<button type=\"button\" class=\"ct-wechat\" data-msg=\"WeChat ID copied\">WeChat: chuatan262<\/button>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\t\n\n<div class=\"ct-guides\" data-no-translation><style>.ct-guides{margin:28px 0}.ct-guides ul{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(230px,1fr));gap:10px;list-style:none;padding:0;margin:10px 0 0}.ct-guides li{margin:0}.ct-guides a{display:block;padding:12px 14px;border:1px solid #e3ddd0;border-radius:6px;text-decoration:none;background:#fff;height:100%}<\/style><h3>Estate guides<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"\/en\/do-i-need-probate\/\">Do I need probate? 2-minute check<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/what-to-do-when-someone-dies\/\">What to do when someone dies: 30-day checklist<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/letters-of-administration-victoria\/\">No Will? Letters of administration and who inherits<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/estate-planning-victoria\/\">Estate planning: Will, power of attorney, medical decisions<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/testamentary-trusts\/\">Testamentary trusts<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/superannuation-and-your-will\/\">Superannuation and your Will<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/executor-disputes\/\">Executor problems and disputes<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/professional-executor-trustee\/\">Professional executor &amp; trustee services<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7\/\">Client reviews<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How trustees and executors can hold, protect and account for cryptocurrency and other digital assets under Australian law and practice.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,787516595],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-25","category-cross-border-families"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.2 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Trustees and Digital Assets: Cryptocurrency, Investment Mandates and Controls | Chua Tan Associates<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How trustees and executors can hold, protect and account for cryptocurrency 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\u8521\u667a\u52cb\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-AU\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/6d690f94c05b0834eb3239130d09e6296a334a1b2063962b54b1d16d3754c22a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/6d690f94c05b0834eb3239130d09e6296a334a1b2063962b54b1d16d3754c22a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/6d690f94c05b0834eb3239130d09e6296a334a1b2063962b54b1d16d3754c22a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Justin Chua \u8521\u667a\u52cb\"},\"description\":\"\u8521\u667a\u52cb\u5f8b\u5e08\uff08Justin Chua\uff09\u662f\u8521\u5e86\u4f1f\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u53ca\u8c03\u89e3\u5458\uff0c2020\u5e74\u83b7\u51c6\u6267\u4e1a\uff0c\u6301\u6709RMIT\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\u53ca\u58a8\u5c14\u672c\u5927\u5b66\u5546\u5b66\u5b66\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff08\u4f1a\u8ba1\u4e13\u4e1a\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u5168\u56fd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8c03\u89e3\u5458\uff08AMDRAS\uff09\u3001\u5bb6\u4e8b\u7ea0\u7eb7\u8c03\u89e3\u5458\uff08FDRP\uff09\u3001\u5bb6\u4e8b\u6cd5\u4ef2\u88c1\u5458\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caSTEP\u9644\u5c5e\u4f1a\u5458\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5904\u7406\u9057\u5631\u4e0e\u9057\u4ea7\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u6cd5\u3001\u8de8\u5883\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e0e\u5546\u4e1a\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u548c\u82f1\u8bed\u4e3a\u5ba2\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u3002 Justin Chua is a lawyer and mediator at Chua Tan Associates, admitted in 2020, with a law degree from RMIT University and a Bachelor of Commerce (accounting) from the University of Melbourne. 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