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遗嘱管不到您的养老金: 自管养老金 (SMSF)的具约束力受益人指定 | Super, SMSFs and Binding Nominations

  • October 28, 2026

Home " Legal blog " Wills and estates " 遗嘱管不到您的养老金: 自管养老金 (SMSF)的具约束力受益人指定 | Super, SMSFs and Binding Nominations

养老金不会自动成为遗产的一部分. 自管养老金的具约束力身故受益人指定如何运作, 以及常见的错误.

我们经常被问到: ”如果我的遗嘱把所有财产都留给配偶, 那包括我的养老金吗?”答案往往是: 不包括.

养老金不在遗嘱的范围内

养老金 (superannuation)由基金受托人以信托方式持有, 并不属于您个人所有. 您去世后, 由受托人根据基金规则和养老金法律决定身故福利付给谁. 只有当受托人把养老金付到您的遗产中时, 您的遗嘱才能决定这笔钱的去向.

以下情况下, 受托人通常会把养老金付给遗产:

  • 没有有效的具约束力受益人指定, 而受托人决定付给您的”法定遗产代理人”; 或
  • 您的受益人指定写的就是”法定遗产代理人” (即遗嘱执行人).

一旦进入遗产, 这笔钱就按遗嘱分配, 也会面临任何针对遗产提出的申索.

具约束力的身故受益人指定有什么作用

具约束力的身故受益人指定 (Binding Death Benefit Nomination, 简称BDBN)要求受托人把您的身故福利付给您所指定的人. 只要指定有效, 受托人就必须照办. 直接付给配偶的福利不经过遗产. 在维州, 以这种方式直接支付的福利不属于遗产, 不受家庭财产供养申请 (family provision claim)的影响.

自管养老金 (SMSF)有自己的规则

对自管养老金基金而言, 最关键的是基金的信托契约 (trust deed). 在 Hill v Zuda Pty Ltd [2022] HCA 21 一案中, 澳洲高等法院确认: 零售基金和行业基金适用的”三年失效”和”两名见证人”规则, 并不适用于自管养老金. 自管养老金的受益人指定必须完全符合该基金自身信托契约的要求.

在实践中, 受益人指定常因以下原因而无效:

  • 签署或见证方式不符合信托契约的要求;
  • 信托契约已修订, 而受益人指定是按旧版本签署的;
  • 受益人指定从未交给受托人;
  • 被指定的人没有资格直接领取身故福利.

您去世后由谁控制基金?

即使受益人指定有效, 也需要有人去执行. 成员去世后, 自管养老金由剩余的受托人或董事控制. 如果这个人是不认同该指定的家庭成员, 就可能出现拖延和争议. 规划时应考虑您去世后由谁担任受托人或董事, 以及在您失去决策能力时, 持久授权书如何让他人代您行事.

“伴侣”还是”配偶”?

事实伴侣 (de facto partner)和合法配偶都可以直接领取身故福利. 但如果您的关系状况发生变化, 例如从伴侣变为配偶, 最好重新签署一份受益人指定, 写明对方的姓名和准确的关系. 清晰, 最新的文件能减少争议的空间. 如果您即将结婚, 也请阅读结婚对原有遗嘱的影响.

已领取养老金的成员

如果您已经在从自管养老金领取退休金, ”自动转归养老金” (reversionary pension)可以替代或补充受益人指定, 让退休金在您去世后自动由配偶继续领取. 这涉及税务和转移余额上限 (transfer balance cap)等规则, 作出选择前请先咨询专业意见.

How we can help

我们会把自管养老金的信托契约, 受益人指定与您的遗嘱一并审阅, 确保它们相互配合, 而不是互相冲突. 我们也会与您的会计师或自管养老金管理人紧密合作.

English version: Your Will Does Not Control Your Superannuation: Binding Nominations in an SMSF.

繁體中文版: 遺囑管不到您的養老金: 自管養老金 (SMSF)的具約束力受益人指定

欢迎致电 (03) 9602 3988 或发送电子邮件至 chuatan@tpg.com.au 预约咨询. 我们提供中文 (普通话, 粤语)及英文服务.

本文仅为一般性资讯, 不构成法律, 税务或财务意见. 文中所述为截至2026年10月的维多利亚州法律及联邦养老金与税务法律. 具体情况请咨询专业意见.

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