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股票, 资本利得税与持久授权书: 如何把资产留给配偶 | Shares, CGT and Enduring Powers of Attorney

  • October 28, 2026

Home " Legal blog " Wills and estates " 股票, 资本利得税与持久授权书: 如何把资产留给配偶 | Shares, CGT and Enduring Powers of Attorney

股票应该现在改为联名, 还是通过遗嘱留给配偶?两者在资本利得税上的差别, 以及受托代理人能做和不能做的事.

年长的客户常问: 是否应该现在就把股票改成与配偶联名, ”这样比较简单”?在这样做之前, 有必要先了解税务成本和其他选择.

股票改为联名, 会立即触发资本利得税

把一半股票转给配偶, 在税务上属于资产处置, 会产生资本利得税 (CGT). 由于这不是正常商业交易, 即使没有付款, 增值通常也按市值计算. 对于持有了几十年的股票组合, 税款可能相当可观.

通过遗嘱留下股票, 通常可以递延资本利得税

股票在立遗嘱人去世时转给受益人, 当时产生的资本增值或亏损一般不予计算. 网上常说这笔税”全额免除”, 这并不准确. 在大多数情况下, 税款只是递延, 而不是消失:

  • 1985年9月20日或之后买入的股票: 受益人继承原持有人的原始成本. 受益人日后出售时, 资本利得税按自最初买入以来的增值计算.
  • 1985年9月20日之前买入的股票: 受益人的成本按原持有人去世当天的市值计算, 原持有人生前的增值实际上被抹去.

对很多家庭来说, 把股票保留在原持有人名下, 通过遗嘱留给配偶, 在税务上更有利. 具体数字请由您的会计师根据您的股票组合核实.

遗嘱中赠与股票的注意事项

  • 不要在遗嘱中列出账户号码或股票价值. 持股会变动, 过时的描述容易引起争议. 写”我名下所有股票及证券”通常更清楚.
  • 确保剩余遗产 (即没有特别指明赠与的其他所有财产)也按您的意愿分配.
  • 委任一位后备遗嘱执行人, 以防首选人选无法履职.

持久授权书必不可少, 但它有限制

如果股票持有人在没有持久授权书 (EPOA)的情况下失去决策能力, 股票账户将很难处理. 家人可能需要向维州民事与行政审裁处 (VCAT)申请管理令. 委任一位可信赖的人 (通常是配偶)为受托代理人, 就可以避免这种情况.

同样重要的是了解受托代理人不能做什么. 根据维州《2014年授权书法》 (Powers of Attorney Act 2014 (Vic)), 受托代理人必须为授权人的利益行事. 除非持久授权书明确授权, 或经VCAT批准, 受托代理人一般不能进行对自己有利的交易, 例如把授权人的股票转到自己名下. 赠与只限于与授权人过往习惯相符的小额赠与. 受托代理人也不能代授权人订立或修改遗嘱.

如果您希望受托代理人拥有特定权力, 例如管理自管养老金或作出某些赠与, 必须在一开始就考虑并写入授权书.

把各份文件放在一起规划

您的遗嘱, 养老金受益人指定, 持久授权书以及资产的持有方式, 应当作为一个整体来审视. 单独修改其中一项, 可能会破坏其他安排. 如果您即将结婚, 请记住结婚会影响您原有的遗嘱. 我们也建议同时委任医疗决定人 (medical treatment decision maker).

How we can help

我们为客户订立遗嘱, 持久授权书和医疗决定人委任, 并就资本利得税和养老金事宜与您的会计师协调配合.

English version: Shares, Capital Gains Tax and Enduring Powers of Attorney: Passing Assets to a Spouse.

繁體中文版: 股票, 資本利得税與持久授權書: 如何把資產留給配偶

欢迎致电 (03) 9602 3988 或发送电子邮件至 chuatan@tpg.com.au 预约咨询. 我们提供中文 (普通话, 粤语)及英文服务.

本文仅为一般性资讯, 不构成法律, 税务或财务意见. 文中所述为截至2026年10月的维多利亚州法律及联邦养老金与税务法律. 具体情况请咨询专业意见.

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