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遺囑管不到您的養老金: 自管養老金 (SMSF)的具約束力受益人指定 | Super, SMSFs and Binding Nominations

  • October 28, 2026

Home " Legal blog " Uncategorised " 遺囑管不到您的養老金: 自管養老金 (SMSF)的具約束力受益人指定 | Super, SMSFs and Binding Nominations

養老金不會自動成為遺產的一部分. 自管養老金的具約束力身故受益人指定如何運作, 以及常見的錯誤.

我們經常被問到: ”如果我的遺囑把所有財產都留給配偶, 那包括我的養老金嗎?”答案往往是: 不包括.

養老金不在遺囑的範圍內

養老金 (superannuation)由基金受託人以信託方式持有, 並不屬於您個人所有. 您去世後, 由受託人根據基金規則和養老金法律決定身故福利付給誰. 只有當受託人把養老金付到您的遺產中時, 您的遺囑才能決定這筆錢的去向.

以下情況下, 受託人通常會把養老金付給遺產:

  • 沒有有效的具約束力受益人指定, 而受託人決定付給您的”法定遺產代理人”; 或
  • 您的受益人指定寫的就是”法定遺產代理人” (即遺囑執行人).

一旦進入遺產, 這筆錢就按遺囑分配, 也會面臨任何針對遺產提出的申索.

具約束力的身故受益人指定有什麼作用

具約束力的身故受益人指定 (Binding Death Benefit Nomination, 簡稱BDBN)要求受託人把您的身故福利付給您所指定的人. 只要指定有效, 受託人就必須照辦. 直接付給配偶的福利不經過遺產. 在維州, 以這種方式直接支付的福利不屬於遺產, 不受家庭財產供養申請 (family provision claim)的影響.

自管養老金 (SMSF)有自己的規則

對自管養老金基金而言, 最關鍵的是基金的信託契約 (trust deed). 在 Hill v Zuda Pty Ltd [2022] HCA 21 一案中, 澳洲高等法院確認: 零售基金和行業基金適用的”三年失效”和”兩名見證人”規則, 並不適用於自管養老金. 自管養老金的受益人指定必須完全符合該基金自身信託契約的要求.

在實踐中, 受益人指定常因以下原因而無效:

  • 簽署或見證方式不符合信託契約的要求;
  • 信託契約已修訂, 而受益人指定是按舊版本簽署的;
  • 受益人指定從未交給受託人;
  • 被指定的人沒有資格直接領取身故福利.

您去世後由誰控制基金?

即使受益人指定有效, 也需要有人去執行. 成員去世後, 自管養老金由剩餘的受託人或董事控制. 如果這個人是不認同該指定的家庭成員, 就可能出現拖延和爭議. 規劃時應考慮您去世後由誰擔任受託人或董事, 以及在您失去決策能力時, 持久授權書如何讓他人代您行事.

“伴侶”還是”配偶”?

事實伴侶 (de facto partner)和合法配偶都可以直接領取身故福利. 但如果您的關係狀況發生變化, 例如從伴侶變為配偶, 最好重新簽署一份受益人指定, 寫明對方的姓名和準確的關係. 清晰, 最新的文件能減少爭議的空間. 如果您即將結婚, 也請閲讀結婚對原有遺囑的影響.

已領取養老金的成員

如果您已經在從自管養老金領取退休金, ”自動轉歸養老金” (reversionary pension)可以替代或補充受益人指定, 讓退休金在您去世後自動由配偶繼續領取. 這涉及税務和轉移餘額上限 (transfer balance cap)等規則, 作出選擇前請先諮詢專業意見.

我們如何協助您

我們會把自管養老金的信託契約, 受益人指定與您的遺囑一併審閲, 確保它們相互配合, 而不是互相沖突. 我們也會與您的會計師或自管養老金管理人緊密合作.

English version: Your Will Does Not Control Your Superannuation: Binding Nominations in an SMSF.

歡迎致電 (03) 9602 3988 或發送電子郵件至 chuatan@tpg.com.au 預約諮詢. 我們提供中文 (普通話, 粵語)及英文服務.

本文僅為一般性資訊, 不構成法律, 税務或財務意見. 文中所述為截至2026年10月的維多利亞州法律及聯邦養老金與税務法律. 具體情況請諮詢專業意見.

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